How to Exchange a U.S. Driver’s License for a Spanish One
Expat Tips
Published: 28 July 2025 11:23 CET
Updated: 01 August 2025 13:37 CET
Moving to a foreign country is exciting, but there are important legal matters you need to take care of. One of the most critical is your driver’s license. As a U.S. visitor to Spain, you may drive with your U.S. license for up to six months — but only if you have obtained an International Driving Permit (IDP) before arriving. The IDP is valid for one year.
An International Driving Permit is essential if you plan to rent a car in Spain. If you are stopped by police without one, they can impound the rental vehicle and issue an on-the-spot fine.
After six months in Spain, your U.S. license is no longer valid for driving. At that point, you must obtain a Spanish driver’s license. (Exemptions apply to diplomats, certain military personnel, etc.)
If you are planning to move to Spain or will remain longer than six months, you must understand the requirements for obtaining a Spanish driving license — otherwise you risk fines, invalid insurance, or legal problems.
No reciprocal agreement
Driver’s license rules vary by country. Many EU countries have reciprocal agreements with Spain, allowing a direct exchange of licenses. The United States does not have such an agreement with Spain. This means:
- Your U.S. license is valid for your first six months only.
- After that period, you must obtain a full Spanish license.
If you continue driving without a Spanish license beyond six months, you may face heavy fines — and insurance may be void in the event of an accident.
To obtain a Spanish driver’s license, you must:
- Be at least 18 years old
- Undergo a short medical exam
- Pass a written theory exam and a practical driving exam
Although you may already be an experienced driver, enrolling in a driving school (autoescuela) is highly recommended. Most cars in Spain are manual, and road rules, lane discipline, right-of-way rules, and road signage differ significantly from the U.S.
How to apply for a driver’s license in Spain
You must be legally registered as a resident before applying. (See our residency guide linked below — and remember, we can arrange your required health insurance.)
Once you are a resident, you will need:
You must also have lived in Spain for at least six months before applying.
Your next step is to contact your local DGT (Dirección General de Tráfico). They will guide you through the process. The DGT website is available in English (see links below).
Typical documentation required:
- Valid U.S. driver’s license
- Certified Spanish translation of your U.S. license
- Passport and residency card
- Proof of residency
- Two passport-sized photos
- Medical certificate
- Receipt for payment of DGT exam fees
Taking the Spanish driving test
You must pass two exams: a theory exam and a practical exam. The theory exam is available in English; the practical test is conducted in Spanish.
Theory exam (teórico): 30 multiple-choice questions 30 minutes Minimum score: 27 correct answers
The exam covers:
- Traffic laws
- Road signs
- Basic driving etiquette
- Speed limits
- Right of way
- Alcohol limits
- Emergency procedures
Practical exam (práctico):
Test duration: 25–30 minutes Driving school provides the car Includes:
- Basic manoeuvres
- Driving in traffic
- Parking and reversing
- Compliance with traffic laws
Although online resources exist, enrolling at an autoescuela gives you expert instruction, mock tests, and guidance on exam standards.
How long does it take, and what does it cost?
The time required varies, but expect 1–6 months depending on exam queues, driving school schedules, and appointment availability.
Typical costs:
- Certified translation of U.S. license: €30–€60
- Medical certificate: €25–€40
- Driving school fees: €300–€1,200
- DGT exam fees: approx. €90
- Retakes: additional fees apply
Obtaining vehicle insurance in Spain
Once you have your Spanish license, obtaining car insurance becomes easier. Keep in mind:
- You may lose U.S. no-claims discounts unless you provide proof of driving history
- Some insurers accept foreign experience if you provide a carta de siniestralidad
Helpful tips
- Never drive without insurance or with an expired license — roadside checks are frequent
- Book appointments early — DGT slots fill up fast
- The U.S. consulate can help with documentation if needed
- Study thoroughly — even experienced U.S. drivers may struggle with Spanish road rules
Obtaining a Spanish driver’s license can be time-consuming and expensive, but it is essential for driving legally and maintaining valid insurance. With preparation and patience, you’ll be on the road confidently in no time.
Planning to drive in Spain? Choose health cover that includes traffic accident protection and is valid for visa applications — essential if you’re exchanging your U.S. license. Get covered with the Sanitas Top Quantum Plan.
