How To Treat Jellyfish Stings

The Costa del Sol here in Spain boasts some of the best beaches in the world which are visited by millions of people each year. The beaches here are relatively safe yet in recent years we have been visited by some unwelcome guests, of the gelatinous kind.

In recent years there has been quite a lot of press about swarms of the "Mauve Stinger" Jellyfish visiting our shores. Measuring up to three metres in length, this particular species can pack quite a punch with its stings causing severe pain and discomfort for its victims. In some cases, their stings can cause allergic reactions or even heart failure, although this is quite a rare occurrence.

Experts have stated that the rise in numbers may be caused by an increase in the sea's temperature. Others believe that overfishing of the waters is to blame for a decline in natural predators such as swordfish, turtles and tuna.

The Portuguese Man o' War is another species of jellyfish, which can sometimes inhabit the Spanish coastline. In a recent news story, seven people in the popular tourist resort of Benidorm on the Costa Blanca were stung by the species in the waters off Mal Pas and Poniente beaches.

The tentacles of the Man O' War are filled with coiled, barbed tubes that can inject venom capable of paralysing and killing small fish and other sea creatures.

Holidaymakers staying in Benalmadena, Fuengirola, Marbella and Nerja on the southern Costa del Sol have also been warned of an increase in jellyfish.

Although a sting from the Mauve Stinger or Portuguese Man O' War is rarely fatal to humans, the sting can cause more serious complications to young children and those with weaker immune systems such as elderly people. At the very least, the stings can be extremely painful.

Many beaches have flags that indicate whether the threat of Jellyfish is likely. Make sure that you check before going into the water.

Jellyfish quite often get washed up onshore. Be particularly aware of inquisitive children touching them as this will cause them to get stung.

Other jellyfish species occasionally found along the Costa del Sol include the Fried Egg Jellyfish (Cotylorhiza tuberculata) and the Barrel Jellyfish (Rhizostoma pulmo). While these species are generally harmless, their presence can indicate changing marine conditions. The jellyfish season typically extends from June to September, linked to warmer sea temperatures and shifting ocean currents.

In early 2025, several sightings of Portuguese Man o’ War prompted beach closures in areas such as Fuengirola and Marbella. This species is carried from the Atlantic by storms and can deliver painful stings even after washing ashore. Authorities and local organizations like the Aula del Mar Mediterráneo Foundation now actively monitor jellyfish blooms and may raise flag warnings on affected beaches. Visitors are encouraged to check local advisories and apps such as Medusapp to stay informed.

Research indicates that climate change, rising sea temperatures, and overfishing—resulting in fewer natural predators like loggerhead turtles and bluefin tuna—have contributed to increases in jellyfish populations. Swimmers are advised to be cautious around jellyfish, alive or washed up, as their stings can linger and remain dangerous.

Jellyfish Warning Flags and Beach Safety

Many beaches use a flag system to warn visitors about jellyfish presence:

• Green Flag: Safe for swimming, no significant jellyfish risk.
• Yellow Flag: Caution advised; moderate jellyfish presence possible.
• Red Flag: Swimming is prohibited due to dangerous jellyfish levels or other hazards.

Always observe these flags and posted signage before entering the water.

Jellyfish Forecasts and Tracking Apps

To stay updated on jellyfish sightings, consider using apps like MedusApp and Infomedusa, which provide real-time alerts and maps. These platforms allow users to report jellyfish sightings, helping swimmers and locals stay informed and safe.

Visual Identification Tips

The Portuguese Man o' War is easily recognized by its translucent purplish balloon-like float above the water and extremely long blue-violet tentacles that can extend up to 30 meters. The Mauve Stinger is pinkish to violet in color with long tentacles and can reach up to three meters in length. Recognizing these can help you avoid dangerous encounters.

Emergency Contacts and First Aid

If stung and experiencing severe symptoms such as difficulty breathing, chest pain, or dizziness, call the Spanish emergency number 112 immediately. Lifeguards stationed on many beaches are trained to assist with jellyfish stings and can direct you to the nearest first-aid station equipped with appropriate medical supplies.

Protective Measures When Swimming

• Consider wearing protective swimwear like wetsuits or specialized Lycra shirts when swimming in jellyfish season or in areas with reported sightings.
• Avoid swimming immediately after storms, as jellyfish are often brought closer to shore by storm surges and winds.
• Do not swim in visible jellyfish blooms or swarms, even if no warning flags are posted.

Myths and Facts About Jellyfish Stings

• Do not urinate on a jellyfish sting; this can worsen the pain and irritation.
• Use seawater or vinegar to rinse the sting area to neutralize nematocysts; avoid fresh water.
• Removing tentacles carefully with tweezers or a clean card while wearing gloves helps prevent further stings.

Jellyfish Life Cycle and Ecological Role

Jellyfish are a natural part of the marine ecosystem and serve as food for various species like loggerhead turtles and certain fish. Their seasonal blooms are influenced by environmental factors such as water temperature and currents. While blooms can disrupt beach activities, jellyfish are important oceanic species supporting biodiversity.

Local Disposal and Reporting Programs

After jellyfish blooms, local authorities often organize beach clean-ups to safely remove jellyfish carcasses and reduce risk to beachgoers. You can assist by reporting jellyfish sightings to lifeguards or through reporting functions on tracking apps, helping protect other swimmers.

How To Treat Jellyfish Stings

1. Try to keep the patient calm.

2. Do not rub the affected area with a towel as this will make things worse.

3. Wash the area that has been affected with seawater or vinegar. Vinegar is particularly good as the acid neutralises the nematocysts (sacs that are stuck to the skin) and prevents them from discharging. Do not use still water as this may exacerbate things and cause the nematocysts to trigger and inject venom.

Make sure that you soak the wound for around 15 - 30 minutes. Hot (not scalding) or warm water is also very beneficial although this may not be available on the beach.

4. Remove any remaining tentacles using tweezers or something clean such as a credit card. If you remove them with your fingers, make sure you are wearing gloves.

5. Apply cold to the wound using ice wrapped in a towel. This will help to relieve the discomfort.

6. If the patient is feeling dizzy or has an allergic response, please seek medical help immediately.

7. Take painkillers such as Paracetamol or Ibuprofen if required.

Planning to swim in Spain’s beautiful coastal waters? Jellyfish stings can ruin a holiday fast — and in some cases, require urgent medical care. With the right private medical insurance in Spain for expats and travellers, you can access quick treatment at private clinics without the long wait times or confusion of the public system.

Get health cover in Spain with Sanitas and enjoy your beach days with peace of mind.