10 Things American Expats Should Know Before Moving To Spain
Expat Tips
Published: 21 August 2023 22:31 CET
Updated: 25 March 2025 19:17 CET
Dreaming of a life in Spain, away from the hustle of the United States? You're not alone. With around 40,000 US nationals already residing in the country, the allure is clear. Spain offers a lower cost of living, seamless access to other EU countries, and a range of beautiful cities catering to various lifestyles.
Whether you're an aspiring student, an expat worker, or looking forward to retiring in Spain, this guide is your compass. It navigates the practicalities of moving to Spain as an American citizen, ensuring a smoother transition. Before you set foot on Spanish soil, let's explore the crucial things you should know:
1. Visa Requirements for Extended Stays
If you're envisioning an extended stay in Spain, crossing the 90-day mark will require a visa. For shorter trips, visa-free access remains in place for tourism, study, or business. However, from early 2024 onwards, U.S. citizens must apply for the ETIAS travel authorisation for stays of up to 90 days. This authorisation must be secured at least 72 hours before departure and remains valid for three years or until the passport expires.
When You Need a Full Residency Visa
Once your plans exceed 90 days — whether for work, study, family or long-term living — you will need a residency visa that aligns with your intended activities in Spain. Each category has its own financial, documentation, and insurance requirements.
2. Navigating Visa Categories
If you wish to live in Spain permanently, or beyond the 90-day threshold, you will need a residency visa. US citizens have several options including:
Note About the Golden Visa
Spain’s property-based Golden Visa route officially ended in 2025. Any reference to property investment as a residency pathway is obsolete and no longer available to new applicants.
3. Initial Steps Upon Arrival
Upon setting foot in Spain, your first strides pave the way for a seamless transition. Key actions include:
- Acquiring a Foreigner's Identity Card/Number (TIE/NIE): You have 30 days to secure these authorisations. Both the TIE and NIE Number are essential for administrative tasks.
- Applying for a Spanish Driver's License: You have a six-month grace period to secure a Spanish licence. During this period your US licence is valid. You will also need an International Driving Permit (IDP).
- Opening a Bank Account: Choose a resident bank account to avoid limitations on transfers and withdrawals.
- Register on the municipal register: Known as the padrón, this is required for many administrative procedures including healthcare registration and school enrolment.
4. Healthcare and Insurance
Spain’s healthcare system is excellent, but eligibility for public healthcare depends on your residency status and contribution history. If you do not yet qualify for state healthcare, private medical insurance is mandatory for most long-stay visas. Comprehensive cover is also recommended for retirees and remote workers.
5. Choosing Your Ideal Spanish Location
Spain's cities offer diverse lifestyles for incoming Americans. Consider the following:
- Madrid: A blend of history, business, and culture.
- Barcelona: Vibrant, international, and tech-driven.
- Alicante: Known for beaches, education options, and relaxed coastal living.
- Malaga: A modern digital hub with a warm climate and strong expat community.
6. Navigating Housing Options
Spain’s housing market offers everything from beachfront apartments to quiet inland towns. Here’s how to navigate it:
Using Property Portals
Start your search with platforms such as Idealista, A Place in the Sun, and Kyero. If you plan to rent, read our full guide to renting long-term in Spain.
Legal Checks
Spain’s rental laws vary by region. Contracts should always be reviewed for community fees, maintenance obligations and early-termination terms. Understanding your rights helps prevent disputes and unnecessary costs.
Viewing, Negotiation & Documentation
Always view a property in person where possible, confirm building conditions, and ensure all agreements — especially payments — are documented in writing.
7. Utilities and Communication Essentials
Spain’s utility setup varies by region. For internet and SIM cards, the main providers include Movistar, Orange, Vodafone and Jazztel.
Most homes use bottled gas (‘Bombonas’) rather than mains gas. Learn more about Bombonas Gas Bottles.
8. Understanding the Cost of Living
Spain remains affordable by Western standards. Average monthly costs sit around $2,140 outside major cities, rising to roughly $3,300 in Madrid, Barcelona and premium coastal areas. Budget for rent, utilities, groceries, healthcare, transport and leisure.
9. Groceries and Shopping Etiquette
Grocery shopping is shaped by Spanish lifestyle rhythms, especially siesta hours, Sunday closures, and the popularity of fresh local markets.
10. Embrace the Spanish Lifestyle
Learning Spanish, adapting to the pace of life, and engaging with local traditions will enrich your experience and help you settle into your new home.
In Conclusion
Your venture to Spain promises a tapestry of new experiences. By comprehending the finer points of visas, housing, utilities, and daily life, you're arming yourself with the tools to make the most of your journey. With careful preparation, you're poised to enjoy Spain’s scenic beauty, culture, and warm hospitality.
If you're relocating and need visa-compliant, no-copayment cover, see our recommended plans here: Visa-friendly No-Copayment Health Insurance.
